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Ports near port cities face an uncertain futureFeatured

Ports near port cities face an uncertain future

September 17th, 2019 Featured, Thematic Area, Viewpoints

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Cruise Port-City Compass
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Webinar: short sea shipping services in the southern Caribbean region
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The future of green corridors in Latin America: potential and obstacles
The future of green corridors in Latin America: potential and obstacles
Portgraphic: fleet capacity (owned/chartered) of container shipping lines
Portgraphic: fleet capacity (owned/chartered) of container shipping lines

by Ricardo J. Sanchez

Very often, the largest cities in the world were built next to the ocean or rivers. For this reason, ports were built and developed in cities. However, as time went by, it was questioned whether ports were needed specifically in those locations. Around the world, cities are increasingly answering “no”.

The latest issue of Container Management addresses the issue, taking into account the cases of Sweden and Denmark.

The causes that have motivated the decision to move the ports located in the centre of cities or in their vicinity, are mainly related to accessibility (for instance, depth of water in the case of rivers), quality of life and sustainability of cities and with the value of the land. In the first case, the depth of the water no longer allowed to accept larger ships or the city had cluttered the ports complicating its rail or road access. The other reasons were related to congestion, security and safety, pollution and other externalities and to the use of the land, mainly for its value in the heart of the cities and the change of its urban use.

London, which once had the largest port in the world, is an emblematic case. The area where the port was in the city centre was later replaced by a financial district (Canary Wharf). Rotterdam moved to the sea, over the years, to create new areas in which to install its port and all its terminals. Hong Kong, Barcelona, New York, Auckland and even Singapore seem to have left, or are going, in that same direction.

Other cities have been able to solve accessibility problems and still have traditional locations, such as Los Angeles / Long Beach. In other cases, such as several ports in China, they have set up monumental infrastructures to maintain or relocate them.

The case that is analysed in the Container Management article (https://container-mag.com/) refers mainly to Stockholm, Sweden, where a new container terminal is being developed 45 minutes by car to the south of the city (in Norvik). The new terminal requires an investment of US$ 105 million and will cover an area of 320 ha, with a quay of 800 m, and a depth of 16.5 m, deeper than the current Frihamnen terminal. (Author’s note: the announced investment value is low, so it surely refers to only a part of the project).

In Latin America, Buenos Aires also has an ancient tradition in this regard since, in 1928, it repositioned the old Puerto Madero to the north of the city, in what became known since then as ‘Puerto Nuevo’. Veracruz is finishing and inaugurating its new facilities in a location outside the city. Posorja has started activities in a maritime area near the city of Guayaquil (which is on the Guayas river), that coexists with the traditional facilities that were close to it.

Other Latin American cities with a strong port insertion in their downtown area could perhaps learn from global experiences to plan their future ports, so as to obtain benefits efficiently and at the same time have security and protect the urban environment.

The latter is a central aspect that relates to the planning and life cycle of the ports. Historical experience also verifies it. Indeed, the ports have been thought, planned and executed in a time horizon of 50 years or more, which is why the decisions they make today must be made conceiving the sustainable cities of the future. This has been at the core of the decisions to move out the ports from the centre of the cities to new locations outside them: the decisions not only weigh the urban difficulties that exist today but how are they projected for the next five or more decades.
Note: the article´s main photo is of Port of Buenos Aires, located in the heart of the city. It is interesting to observe 5 cruise and 2 cargo ships docked at the same time, and several free berths, waiting for more vessels.

Spanish version of the article

Las ciudades más grandes del mundo muchas veces se han construido junto al agua, sea de mares o de ríos. Por tal motivo los puertos nacieron en la ciudades y se desarrollaron allí. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, se comenzaron a cuestionar si todavía necesitaban los puertos allí mismo.

En todo el mundo, las ciudades cada vez más responden que “no”.

En el último número de Container Management se aborda el tema, tomando en consideración los casos de Suecia y Dinamarca.

Las causas que han motivado la decisión de mover hacia afuera de las ciudades los puertos ubicados en el centro de las mismas o en sus proximidades, están principalmente relacionados con la accesibilidad, con la calidad de vida y la sostenibilidad de las ciudades y/o con el valor de la tierra. En el primer caso, fuera porque la profundidad del agua ya no permitía albergar naves mayores o porque la ciudad había encerrado a los puertos complicando su acceso ferroviario o vial. El otro motivo fue el uso de la tierra, principamente por el valor de la misma en el corazón de las ciudades y su asignación de uso urbano.

Londres, que alguna vez tuvo el puerto más grande del mundo, es un caso emblemático. Adonde antes había un puerto en el centro de la ciudad fue después reemplazado por un distrito financiero. Rótterdam, se fue desplazando hacia el mar, con el paso del tiempo, hasta crear nuevas zonas en las que instalar su puerto y sus múltiples terminales. Hong Kong, Barcelona, Nueva York, Auckland y hasta Singapur parecen haberse ido, o están yendo, de la misma manera.

Otras ciudades han podido resolver los problemas de accesibilidad, por ejemplo, y se mantienen todavía con las ubicaciones tradicionales, como podría ser el caso de Long Beach/Los Angeles. En otros casos, como varios puertos en China, han montado espectaculares infraestructuras para mantener o reubicarlos.

El caso que analiza la nota de Container Management (https://container-mag.com/) refiere principalmente a Estocolmo, Suecia, adonde se está desarrollando una nueva terminal de contenedores a 45 minutos en coche al sur de la ciudad en un área llamada Norvik. La nueva terminal requiere una inversión de US$ 105 millones y cubrirá un área de 320 ha, con un muelle de 800 m, y una profundidad de 16.5 m, más profunda que la terminal actual de Frihamnen.

Dentro de América Latina, Buenos Aires tiene también una antigua tradición al respecto desde que, en 1928, reposicionó el antiguo Puerto Madero hacia el norte de la ciudad, en lo que pasó a conocerse desde aquel entonces como Puerto Nuevo. Veracruz está terminando e inaugurando las nuevas instalaciones en una ubicación afuera de la ciudad. Posorja ha comenzado actividades en una zona marítima cercana a la ciudad de Guayaquil, que convive con las tradicionales instalaciones que quedaron cercanas a esta.

Sin embargo, otras ciudades latinoamericanas con una fuerte inserción portuaria en su zona céntrica quizás podrían tomar lecciones de las experiencias mundiales para planear con tiempo su futuro portuario, de modo de mantener las prestaciones de forma económicamente eficiente y protegiendo, al mismo tiempo, la seguridad y el medioambiente urbano.

Este último es un aspecto central que se relaciona con el planeamiento y la vida útil de los puertos. La experiencia histórica, además, así lo verifica. En efecto, los puertos se han pensado, planeado y ejecutado en un horizonte temporal de 50 o más años, razón por la cual las decisiones que toman en la actualidad deben ser hechas a partir de concebir las ciudades sostenibles del futuro. Esto ha estado en la concepción de las decisiones de mudar los puertos desde el centro de las ciudades hacia nuevas ubicaciones afuera de las mismas: no solamente pesa la observación de las dificultades urbanas que existan hoy sino cómo ello se proyecta para las próximas cinco o más décadas.

Next article Sustainable development & ocean governance: a shipping & ports perspective
Previous article Polycentric port governance

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